Heritage History "Putting the Story back into History, with traditional tales from long-ago."

"I sincerely believe that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies, and that the principle of spending money to be paid by posterity . . . is but swindling futurity on a large scale."
Thomas Jefferson

New Visitors

Welcome

Resources

Civilizations

Ancient Greece — Wars and Timelines

Heroic Age Eastern Kingdoms Greek City States Persian War Athenian Empire Decline of Greece Hellenistic Age Greco-Roman Era

Heroic Age

Prior to 1000 B.C.

Voyage of Jason and the Argonauts to Aftermath of the Trojan War.

Year	Event
	Olympian Gods overthrow the Titans.
	Prometheus punished for giving fire to the humans.
	Hercules accomplishes the Twelve Labors.
	Jason and the Argonauts search for the Golden Fleece.
	Perseus slays the Medusa.
	Theseus slays the Minotaur.
~1200 BC	Siege of Troy
~1190 BC	Voyage of Odysseus.
	Oedipus becomes the King of Thebes.
	Homer write The Iliad and The Odyssey.

Years	War	Outcome
1010–1000 BC	Trojan War	Legendary war between the mainland Greeks and Trojans.

Eastern Kingdoms

600 B.C. to 500 B.C.

Foundation of Lydian and Babylonian Empires to Reign of Darius the Great

Year	Event
585-549 BC	Reign of Astyages as King of Media.
560-546 BC	Reign of Croesus as King of Lydia.
559-539 BC	Reign of Cyrus the Great as King of Persia.
559 BC	Cyrus ascends to the throne of the small, vassal kingdom of Persia.
549 BC	Cyrus rebels against his grandfather Astyages, and unites kingdoms of Persia, Media.
546 BC	Cyrus beseiges the capital of Croesus and conquers Lydia.
539 BC	Cyrus beseiges Babylon and conquers the Babylonian Empire.
529 BC	Cyrus dies in on a campaing in Scythia.
529-521 BC	Reign of Cambyses as King of Persia.
526 BC	Cambyses II invades Egypt.
522-521 BC	Smerdis the Magi usurps the throne of Persia.
521-486 BC	Reign of Darius the Great as King of Persia.
521 BC	Darius and his cohorts sieze the throne from the Usurper Smerdis.
521 BC	Babylon revolts against Darius.
512 BC	Darius Campaing to Scythia.
500 BC	Ionian Revolt.

Years	War	Outcome
547–512 BC	Persian Wars of Conquest	Wars of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses which created the Persian Empire

Greek City States

800 B.C. to 500 B.C.

Rise of Sparta to Democratic Reforms in Athens

Year	Event
884 BC	Lycurgus establishes the Laws of Sparta.
776	First Olympiad.
668	Spartan Conquest of Messenia.
621 BC	Draco writes down the Laws of Athens.
594 BC	Solon revises the laws of Athens to relieve debtors.
560 BC	Lycurgus reigns as tyrant; establishes Athens as a cultural center.
540 BC	Pythagoras, renowned mathematician and philosopher, teaches in Samos.
532 BC	Polycrates reigns as tyrant of Samos.
516 BC	Darius the Great invades Scythia, but is driven back to Thrace.
510 BC	Hippias, tyrant of Athens, is banished from the city
509 BC	Cleisthenes makes democratic reforms to laws of Athens.

Years	War	Outcome
743–471 BC	Rise of Sparta	Wars of Sparta for domination of the Peloponnese

Persian War

499 B.C. to 477 B.C.

Ionian Revolt to Aftermath of the Persian War

Year	Event
500 BC	Ionian Revolt—Athens supports Ionian Greek's rebellion against Persia.
493 BC	Mardonius leads Persia's first, failed invasion of Greece.
490 BC	Persia's second invasion of Greece foiled by Athens' victory at Marathon.
481 BC	Persia's third and largest invasion of Greece led by Xerxes.
480 BC	Battle of Thermopylae—three hundred Spartans perish holding the pass.
480 BC	Battle of Salamis—great naval victory for Greece destroys Persian fleet.
479 BC	Battle of Plataea—Persian driven from occupied territories of mainland Greece.
478 BC	Death of Pausanias, hero of Plataea
460 BC	Death of Themistocles, hero of Salamis

Years	War	Outcome
499–450 BC	Greco Persian Wars	Greeks repel Persia's invasion of Greece and win freedom for Ionian colonies.
492–340 BC	Sicilian Wars	Greek Sicilians repel Carthaginian invasions and win their independence.

Athenian Empire

477 B.C. to 404 B.C.

Formation of the Delian League to the Fall of Athens

Year	Event
477 BC	Beginning of Athenian supremacy.
456 BC	The Long walls of Athens completed.
445 BC	Conflict between Spartan allies and Athens is settled by the "Peace of Pericles"; (lasts 14 years).
445-431 BC	Pericles leads Athens during the "Golden Age" of the Athenian Empire.
431 BC	Beginning of the Peloponnesian War.
430 BC	The Plague at Athens.
428 BC	The Revolt of Mytilene.
427 BC	Destruction of Plataea by Sparta.
421 BC	"Peace of Nicias" provides 6 year break in hostilities
415BC	Expedition to Sicily led by Nicias and Alcibiades ends in complete disaster for Athens.
405 BC	Loss of the Athenian fleet at the Battle of Aegos Potami.
404 BC	Athens surrenders to Sparta.

Years	War	Outcome
492–340 BC	Sicilian Wars	Greek Sicilians repel Carthaginian invasions and win their independence.
459–404 BC	Peloponnesian War	Civil war in Greece between the allies of Sparta and Athens

Decline of Greece

404 B.C. to 338 B.C.

Aftermath of Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Chaeronea

Year	Event
401 BC	Battle of Cunaxa; retreat of the 10,000.
399 BC	Prosecution and death of Socrates.
393 BC	Long Walls of Athens rebuilt.
382 BC	Spartans capture Theban citadel.
387 BC	The Peace of Antalcides ends the Corinthian War.
379 BC	Spartans expelled from Thebes.
385 BC	Platofounds his Acadamy in Athens
371 BC	Battle of Leuctra destroys Spartan supremacy in Greece.
362 BC	The death of Epaminondas at the Battle of Mantinea ends Theban supremacy in Greece
357 BC	The Sacred War begins: Philip of Macedonia starts meddling in Greek affairs.
340 BC	Timoleonfrees Syracuse and drives Carthage out of Sicily at the Battle of Crimisus.

Years	War	Outcome
401–399 BC	Retreat of the Ten Thousand	Ten thousand Greeks retreat through Asia Minor
395–394 BC	Corinthian War	Rebellion of Corinth and Thebes against Spartan Hegemony
373–362 BC	Boeotian Wars	Successful Theban rebellion against Spartan Hegemony
357–356 BC	Athenian Social War	Rebellion of its colonies disrupts an Athenian effort to rebuild its empire.
355–352 BC	Sacred War	Greek rebels seize the temple at Delphi and stir up a war with Philip of Macedon.

Hellenistic Age

336 B.C. to 146 B.C.

Ascension of Alexander the Great to the Destruction of Corinth

Year	Event
338 BC	Macedonia, under Philip of Macedonia conquers Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea.
336-323 BC	Reign of Alexander the Greatas king of Macedonia and conqueror of Persia.
335 BC	Alexander destroys Thebes.
334 BC	Alexander invades Persia. Battle of the Granicus delivers Asia Minor.
333 BC	Alexander cuts Gordian Knot; Victory at Battle of Issus delivers Syria.
332 BC	Siege of Tyre ends in a hard-won victory for the Macedonians; Egypt opens its doors to Alexander.
331 BC	Alexander meets Darius III in Battle of Arbela—conquers all of Persia.
327 BC	Alexander invades central Asia and conquers India at the Battle of Hydaspes.
323 BC	Death of Alexander, and the division of his Empire.
322 BC	Death of Demosthenesthe orator.
302 BC	Division of Alexander's empire among his Generals settled at the Battle of Ipsus.
280 BC	The Achaean League of city-states on the Peloponnese instituted.
280 BC	Pyrrhus, King of Epirus defeats the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea, but is eventually driven from Italy.
183 BC	Achaean League under Philopoemen defeats the tyrant of Sparta.
168 BC	Romans conquer Macedonia at the Battle of Pydna.
146 BC	The Achaean League resists Roman domination and is defeated. The Romans destroy Corinth.

Years	War	Outcome
338–331 BC	Lucian War	Greek colonies in southern Italy resist the Italic Lucians
338–322 BC	Macedonian Wars of Conquest	Alexander the Great's wars of Conquest
321–280 BC	Wars of the Diadochi	Wars of Alexander's successors for control of Macedonian Empire
282–275 BC	Pyrrhic Wars in Italy	The Greek colonies in southern Italy resist Roman domination.
244–198 BC	Syrian Wars	Wars for Control of Syria between Seleucid and Ptolemy Empires.
226–146 BC	Wars of the Achaean League	Last independent coalition of Greeks fights Macedonia and Rome
198–168 BC	Roman Macedonian Wars	Roman conquest of Greece and Macedonia