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British Isles and Empire — Timeline

Early Britain Saxons, Danes and Normans Plantagenet Kings Tudor England Stuart England Scotland Foundation of Empire Height of Empire Ireland Canada Australia British India Colonial Africa The Great War

Early Britain

56 B.C. to 784 A.D.

Invasion of Julius Caesar, to the first Viking Raids on Saxon England

Year	Event
54 BC	Julius Caesar invades Britain and demands tribute.
51 AD	Emperor Claudius reconquers Britain.
61 AD	Rebellion of Boadicea is severely put down by the Romans.
77-84 AD	Agricola romanizes Britain; builds schools, roads, aqueducts.
122 AD	Hadrian's wall is built to protect Roman Britain from the Picts of Scotland.
304 AD	Death of Saint Alban, the first Christain martyr in Britain.
402 AD	Roman legions leave Britain.
433 AD	Saint Patrick converts the Irish celts to Christianity.
460 AD	Hengist and Horsa and Horsa, German princes from Juteland, arrive in Britain.
540 AD	Saint Mungo helps convert the Celtic Scots to Christianity.
542 AD	Death of King Arthur.
596 AD	Saint Augustine of Kent sent from Rome to convert Saxon kingdoms of Britain.
660 AD	Celtic Christian, and Roman Christian churches are united.
700 AD	Venerable Bede publishes an Ecclesiastic History of the English people.
757-796 AD	Reign of KingOffa of Mercia, most influential of the Saxon Kingdoms.

Years	War	Outcome
55–84	Roman Conquest of Britain	Roman conquest of Britain
456–823	Saxon Conquest of Britain	Saxon conquests and wars of the Early Saxon kingdoms in Britain.

Saxon, Dane and Norman Kingdoms

802 A.D. to 1154 A.D.

Egbert the Saxon becomes first King of Wessex, to Death of the Last Norman King

Year	Event
787	First Viking attack on Britain
793	Sack of the monastery at Lindisfarne
802	Egbert the Saxon reigns over united Anglo and Saxon Kingdoms.
871-899	Reign of Alfred the Great—Saxons defeat Danes at Battle of Edington.
937	Battle of Brunanburh: Wessex Saxons defeat Celts and Danes
991	Battle of Maldon: Saxons defeated by Vikings and pay tribute
1002	Aethelred the Unready orders the death of all Danish citizens.
1016-1042	Danish kings assume the throne of England; Reigns of Sweyn Forkbeard and his son .
1042	Edward the Confessor recalled to the throne, Saxon rule restored.
1065	Consecration of Westminster Chapel
1066	Battle of Stanford Bridge—Harold Godwinson defeats Viking invaders.
1066	Battle of Hastings—Harold is killed and the Normans conquer England.
1086	Completion of Domesday Book
1087	Death of William the Conqueror.
1095	First Crusade
1100-1135	Reign of Henry I of England, youngest son of William the Conqueror.
1135-1154	Anarchy and civil war between followers of Stephen of England and Mathilda, daughter of Henry II.
1154	Death of Stephen; crown passes to Henry II of England, son of Mathilda.

Years	War	Outcome
835–1066	Danish Invasion of Britain	Danish Vikings invade England over two centuries.
1014–1799	Wars of Ireland	Wars between Ireland and England
1054–1679	Scottish Civil Wars	Clans wars, religious wars, and other Civil Wars in Scotland.
1066–1106	Norman Conquests	Rise of the French Normans and their Conquests in Italy and Britain.
1093–1547	Anglo Scottish Wars	Perennial border wars between Scotland and England

Plantagenet Kings

1154 A.D. to 1485 A.D.

Henry Plantagenet claims throne of England, to War of the Roses

Year	Event
1170	Murder of Saint Thomas a Becket
1172	Henry II of Englandconquers Ireland
1190	Richard Coeur de Leon goes on Third Crusade
1215	John Lackland signs Magna Carta
1265	Meeting of first Parliament arranged by Simon de Montfort
1284	Edward I of Englandconquers Wales
1291	Edward I conquers Scotland
1314	Battle of Bannockburn, Scots, under Robert I of Scotlandregain their independence
1348-1349	Black Plague
1337-1453	Hundred Year War: England vs. France
1346	Edward III of England—Battle of Crecy
1356	Edward the Black Prince—Battle of Poitiers
1415	Henry V of England—Battle of Agincourt
1428	Joan of Arc—Siege of Orleans
1362	English becomes official legal language, displacing French
1381	Wat Tyler Rebellion
1399	Richard II of England deposed by Henry IV of England
1400	Death of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of Canterbury Tales
1403	Battle of Shrewsbury
1455-1485	War of the Roses
1461	Yorkists prevail at Battle of Towton; Lancastrians exiled
1469	Lancastrians regain throne due to machinations of Earl of Warwick
1471	Yorkists again prevail at Battle of Barnet
1483	Richard III usurps throne at death of Edward IV of EnglandEdward IV.
1484	Henry Tudordefeats Richard III at Battle of Bosworth Field
1476	William Caxton bring a printing press to England. Publishes first book.

Years	War	Outcome
1093–1547	Anglo Scottish Wars	Perennial border wars between Scotland and England
1119–1214	Anglo French Wars	Miscellaneous Wars between France and England
1173–1685	English Rebellions	Major rebellions of the Plantagenet, Tudor, and Stuart reigns.
1296–1327	Scottish Wars of Independence	Against great odds Scotland wins its independence from England.
1340–1453	Hundred Years War	England and France fight a long war over the French crown, featuring heroes such as the Black Prince, Henry V, and Joan of Arc.
1453–1485	War of the Roses	Civil War in England between the Yorks and Lancasters for control of the crown.
1047–1291	Crusades	Battles between Christians and Turks for control of the Holy Lands.

Tudor England

1485 A.D. to 1603 A.D.

Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field, to Death of Queen Elizabeth

Year	Event
1486	Henry VII of England (a Lancaster), defeats Richard III and marries Elizabeth of York
1492	Christopher Columbus discovers America.
1517	Martin Luther incites wide-spread rebellion against the Church of Rome.
1534	Act of Supremacy—Henry VIII of Englandbreak's England's ties with the Roman Church.
1535	Execution of Saint Thomas More for failing to acknowledge Henry VIII's divorce.
1536	Execution of Anne Boleyn.
1540	Dissolution of the monasteries enriches the Protestant gentry.
1553	Lady Jane Grey attempts to usurp the throne at the death of Edward VI.
1553-1558	Reign of Mary I of England. Failed attempt to return England to the Catholic faith.
1558-1603	Reign of Elizabeth I of England.
1591	Edmund Spenser publishes the Fairie Queen.
1584	Founding of the 'Lost Colony' at Roanoke. First British colony in America.
1577-1580	Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the globe.
1587	Execution of Mary I of Scotland, Elizabeth's rival for the throne.
1588	England defeats the Spanish Armada, and deals a great blow Spanish naval supremacy.
1594-1603	Tyrone rebellion in Ireland ultimately delivers Ulter to English rule.

Years	War	Outcome
1587–1655	Anglo Spanish Wars	English sailors prevails over Spain; assuring its claims to the New World.
1014–1799	Wars of Ireland	Wars between Ireland and England
1173–1685	English Rebellions	Major rebellions of the Plantagenet, Tudor, and Stuart reigns.
1093–1547	Anglo Scottish Wars	Perennial border wars between Scotland and England

Stuart England

1603 A.D. to 1714 A.D.

James Stuart ascends to throne of England, to Death of Queen Anne

Year	Event
1605	Guy Fawkes—Gunpowder plot to blow up Parlaiment was discovered.
1607	Founding of Jamestown Colony in Virgina
1607	Voyages of Henry Hudson to the new world.
1611	King James version of the Bible first published in England.
1616	Death of William Shakespeare
1620	Voyage of the Mayflower; Puritans settle in New England
1641-1649	English Civil Wars
1642	Battle of Edgehill�opening battle in Civil War.
1645	Battle of Naseby�Charles I of England is taken prisoner.
1649	Execution of Charles I; Oliver Cromwell invades Ireland.
1649-1658	Commonwealth, lead by Cromwell.
1653	First Anglo-Dutch War: great naval battle between English and Dutch under Robert Blake.
1659	Restoration of Charles II of England.
1665	Great Plague of London
1667	Great Fire of London
1688	Glorious Revolution: James II of Englanddeposed by William III of Englandand Mary.
1689	Williamiate War in Ireland—James II exiled to France after the Battle of Boyne.
1689	Bill of Rights and Toleration act secure triumph of Parliament
1701-1714	War of the Spanish Succession checks the growing influence of France under Louis XIV of France.
1704	British victory at the Battle of Bleinhiem under Duke of Marlborough
1704	British gain possession of the gateway to the Mediterranean at the Siege of Gibralter.
1707	England and Scotland join to become Great Britain

Years	War	Outcome
1642–1650	English Civil Wars	A series of Civil Wars in the mid17th century curtailed the power of the English King.
1652–1672	Anglo Dutch Wars	England and Holland battle at sea for command of colonial trade.
1689–1746	Jacobite Rebellion	When the Stuart King is deposed many Scots and Irish remain loyal to the Stuart line.
1690–1693	War of the Grand Alliance	England, Holland, and Sweden unite against France.
1700–1709	War of the Spanish Succession	Large scale European war which curtailed the expanding power of Louis XIV of France.
1173–1685	English Rebellions	Major rebellions of the Plantagenet, Tudor, and Stuart reigns.

Scotland

483A.D. to 1707A.D.

Union of Picts and Scots under Kenneth Macalpine, to the Act of Union

Year	Event
540	Saint Mungo arrives in Glasgow from Ireland as a missionary to Scotland.
563	Saint Columba founds the Monastery of Iona.
843	Picts and Scots unite under Kenneth Macalpine.
1040	Duncan, the King of Scots, is killed by the usurper, Macbeth.
1058-1096	Reign of Malcolm Canmore; and his wife Saint Margaret of Scotland.
1286	Death of Alexander III of Scotland leaves the Scottish throne vacant, chaos ensues.
1297	William Wallace leads the scots in revolt against Edward I of England.
1306	Robert I of Scotland is crowned, king of Scotland, in defiance of Edward I.
1314	Scottish victory at the Battle of Bannockburn assures Scotland's independence from England.
1371	Robert II of Scotland ascends the throne as the first Stuart King of Scotland.
1424	James I of Scotland is released from after many years in prison, by Henry VI.
1460	Fall of the Black Douglasses.
1513	James IV of Scotland dies at the Battle of Flodden Field, a disastrous loss for Scotland.
1560	The Scottish Parliament, lead by John Knox, establishes National Church.
1567	Mary I of Scotland is exiled from scotland and imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth.
1603	James I of England, (formerly James VI of Scotland), assumes the thrown of England on the death of Elizabeth.
1641	Scotland declares against Charles I of Englandin the English Civil Wars.
1649	After the execution of Charles I, Scotland declares against Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil Wars.
1692	Massacre of Glencoe results from Scots 'Jacobian' resistance to William III of England.
1707	Act of Union, unites England and Scotland into Great Britain.
1715	First Jacobite uprising in Scotland, in support of the Old Pretender.
1745	Second Jacobite uprising in Scotland, in support of Bonnie Prince Charles.

Years	War	Outcome
1054–1679	Scottish Civil Wars	Clans wars, religious wars, and other Civil Wars in Scotland.
1093–1547	Anglo Scottish Wars	Perennial border wars between Scotland and England
1296–1327	Scottish Wars of Independence	Against great odds Scotland wins its independence from England.
1642–1650	English Civil Wars	A series of Civil Wars in the mid17th century curtailed the power of the English King.
1689–1746	Jacobite Rebellion	When the Stuart King is deposed many Scots and Irish remain loyal to the Stuart line.

Foundation of Empire

1714 A.D. to 1814 A.D.

George I of Hanover made King by Parliament, to Battle of Waterloo

Year	Event
1714	George I of England becomes first Hanoverian King; Robert Walpole becomes first Prime Minister.
1715	Old Pretenderprecipitates first Jacobite rising in Scotland .
1739-1748	War of Austrian Succession results in no important gains for Britain.
1745	Young Pretender incites second Jacobite rising in Scotland.
1748	Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of Austrian Succession, but brings no important changes.
1756-1763	Seven years war (a.k.a French and Indian War in America) results in colonial conquests for Britain.
1757	Clive's victory at Plassey, wins Bengal for Britain.
1759	Wolfe's capture of Quebec, wins Canada for Britain.
1759	Hawke's victory at Qiberon Bay, destroys French Sea Power.
1755	Samuel Johnson publishes Dictionary of English Language.
1766	William Pitt the Elder becomes Prime Minister of England.
1764	James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny.
1771	Captain James Cook discovers Australia, New Zealand.
1776	Adam Smithpublishes The Wealth of Nations which revolutionizes ideas about commerce, taxes, and economics.
1776	Declaration of Independence precipitates the American Revolutionary War.
1783	Lord Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown; Britain loses most of New World colonies.
1782	William Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minster of England.
1784	James Watt invents the Steam Engine—ushers in the industrial revolution.
1793-1802	War with French Revolutionary Government ends in a stalemate.
1797	Battles of St. Vincent and Camperdown give Britain control of the sea.
1798	Battle of the Nile destroys Napoleon plans to takeover Egypt.
1801	Battle of Copenhagen destroys French naval power in the North Sea.
1798	Irish Rebellion is put down by Britain;
1801	Irish Parliament dissolved;—Ireland, unwillingly, joins the United Kingdom.
1804	Napoleon Bonaparte makes himself emperor of France.
1802-1914	Napoleonic Wars drag all of Europe into turmoil.
1805	Victor at Trafalgar, under Lord Horatio Nelson destroys French naval power.
1808	Start of Peninsular War in Spain—Duke of Wellington helps drive the French out of Spain.
1814	Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher defeat Napoleon at Waterloo.

Years	War	Outcome
1740–1748	War of the Austrian Succession	England takes Austria's side in a European War so it can fight France in America.
1745–1762	French Indian Wars	Colonial wars in America between the British and French with their Indian Allies.
1749–1751	Carnatic Wars	Britain fights with France for control of Indian Trading.
1752–1762	Seven Year's War	War between Prussia and Austria is joined by France and England.
1767–1799	Mysore Wars	Wars between Britain and the Mysores and their French allies in Southern India.
1775–1783	American Revolutionary War	American colonies rebel from British rule with the help of the French.
1775–1803	Mahratta Wars	Britain becomes involved in wars of the Maratha confederation in central India.
1785–1800	French Revolutionary Wars	Wars following the French Revolution.
1801–1814	Napoleonic Wars	Rise and fall of Napoleon's French Empire in Europe.
1808–1814	Peninsular War	Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula. Britain helps Spain drive out the French.
1812–1814	War of 1812	America's first war with Britain over trading and commerce rights.

Height of Empire

1814 A.D. to 1922 A.D.

Aftermath of Napoleonic Wars, to the Second Boer War

Year	Event
1821	George Stephenson invents of the locomotive; ushers in age of railways.
1829	Catholic Emancipation in Ireland—Catholics allowed to vote.
1832	First Reform Act�Whigs take control of Parliament.
1833	Abolition of Slavery in British colonies.
1837	Victoria of Great Britainascends to the throne of England.
1842	Massacre at Kyber Pass—British army retreast from Afghanistan
1846	Potato Famine, Repeal of the Corn Laws, Free Trade
1851	Great Exhibition opens in the Crystal Palace in London
1852	David Livingstone begins his First expedition into Africa
1854-1856	Crimean War—Britain allies itself with Ottomans to oppose Russian expansion.
1857	Indian Mutiny —rebellion of Sepoys put down with great slaughter.
1859	Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species.
1865	Henry Bessemer process greatly improves production of Steel.
1858	First Transatlantic Cable laid.
1868-1874	First Ministry of William Gladstone—promotes a liberal reform agenda.
1874-1880	Second Ministry of Benjamin Disraeli—promotes a conservative imperial agenda.
1879	Anglo-Zulu War—British prevail over Zulus after suffering a massacre at Isandhlwana
1880	First Boer War—British concede to Boer demands after suffering serious defeats.
1875	Egyptian Share of Suez canal sold to Britain.
1882	British put down Arabi's Rebellion at the Battle of Tel-al-Kebar.
1870	Death of Charles Dickens,British novelist.
1885	Death of Charles Gordon at the Siege of Khartoum—British relieving force fails to arrive in time.
1887	Fiftieth year Jupilee of Queen Victoria.
1898	Horatio Kitchenerdefeats the rebel Madhists of Sudan at the Battle of Obdurman.
1899-1901	Second Boer War—Hard fought victory forces the Boers to submit to British rule.
1901	Death of Queen Victoria

Years	War	Outcome
1818–1852	Kaffir Wars	Expanding British colonies in South Africa conflict with Kaffir tribes North of Cape Town.
1824–1874	Ashanti Wars	Britain repels the Ashanti tribes' incursions into coastal areas.
1824–1825	British Burmah Wars	After several years of daunting jungle warfare the British finally conquer Indo-China.
1836–1872	Carlist Wars	Civil war in Spain between a modern liberal monarchy and the traditionalists.
1837–1885	Wars of Canada	Minor rebellions in Britain's Canadian colonies.
1838–1879	Zulu Wars	Britain suffers a massacre at the hands of the Zulus but eventually prevails against the tribe.
1839–1880	Afghan Wars	Britain faces a rebellion after deposing an Afghan King, and suffers a terrible massacre.
1840	Mehemet Ali's Rebellion	Mehemet Ali first conquers Egypt and then attempts to control more Ottoman territories.
1845–1849	Sikh Wars	On the death Raj of the Punjab Sikh civil wars
1848–1900	Boer Wars	Dutch Boers attempt to maintain their independence from British Imperial control.
1853–1855	Crimean War	Britain and France ally with the Ottomans Turks to foil Russia's invasion of Constantinople.
1857–1858	Indian Mutiny	Britain puts down a Sepoy rebellion in Northern India.
1859–1883	Opium Wars	Britain forces China to open its ports to International trade including opium.
1864	British Conquest of New Zealand	British wars with the Maori's of New Zealand.
1882–1882	Arabi's Rebellion	Britain comes to the aid of a faltering Egyptian government beset by a rebellion.
1883–1904	Soudan Campaign	Egypt and Britain fight the Mahdi rebels who had taken over Soudan.

Ireland

450 A.D. to 1922 A.D.

St. Patrick brings Christianity to Ireland, to Irish Independence

Year	Event
450	Saint Patrick converts Ireland to Christianity.
850	Brian Boru drives vikings out of Ireland, and briefly unites tribes.
1169	Norman Invasion, puts Ireland under nominal English control.
1315	Edward Bruce, brother of Robert I of Scotland, attempts to drive English out of Ireland.
1497	Lambert Simnel, pretender to English throne, lands in Dublin.
1536	Henry VIII of England begins reconquest of Ireland under Protestant rule.
1594-1603	Nine Years War: English conquer Northern Ireland and assume control of Ulster.
1641	Catholic Uprisings during English Civil War; massacre of Protestants in Ulster.
1649	Oliver Cromwellinvades Ireland—infamous Siege of Drogheda.
1688-1691	Williamite War in Ireland, following the "Glorious Revolution" in Britain.
1688	Siege of Londonderry is relieved by protestant army.
1690	James II of England returns to France after the Battle of Boyne.
1691	Penal laws enforced which oppress, dispossess Irish Catholics.
1782	Henry Grattan establishes independent Irish Parliament.
1798	Irish rebellion.
1801	Ireland (unwillingly) merged into the "United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland";
1829	Catholics allowed to vote.
1845-1849	Irish potato famine.
1869	Disestablishment of the Anglican Irish State Church
1882	Murder of Cavendish in Ireland.
1893	Parnell's Home Rule Bill defeated by small majority.
1916	Easter Rising in Dublin, raises sympathy for Irish Rebels.
1919-1921	Irish War of Independence.
1922	Partition of Ireland: Formation of Irish Free State.

Years	War	Outcome
1014–1799	Wars of Ireland	Wars between Ireland and England
1689–1746	Jacobite Rebellion	When the Stuart King is deposed many Scots and Irish remain loyal to the Stuart line.

Canada

1495 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

Cabot's first voyage to North America, to Union of Canada and Newfoundland

Year	Event
1497	John Cabotclaims Newfoundland for England.
1576	Sir Martin Frobisher searches for the Northwest Passage.
1583	Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to found colony in Newfoundland.
1608	Samuel de Champlain establishes Quebec.
1611	Henry Hudson is killed by a mutinous crew in Hudson Bay.
1670	Hudson Bay Trading Company chartered by Charles II of England.
1688-1713	First and Second French & Indian Wars.
1744-1763	Third and Forth French & Indian Wars.
1755	Defeat of General Braddock at Battle of Fort Duquesne.
1755	Acadians from Nova Scotia forced to relocate.
1759	At the Battle of Quebec General Wolfe delivers most of New France to the British.
1789	Alexander Mackenzie discovers his River, and the Artic Ocean.
1791	French Quebec partitioned into Lower and Upper Canada.
1792	George Vancouverdiscovers British Columbia.
1837	Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada against British rule.
1840	Act of Union, unites Upper and Lower Canada.
1867	New Brunswick and Nova Scotia join Canadian Federation.
1870	Manitoba and British Columbia join Canadian Federation.
1885	Completion of Canadian Pacific Rail, Montreal to Vancouver.
1905	Saskatchewan and Albert join Canadian Federation.
1949	Newfoundland joins Canadian Federation.

Years	War	Outcome
1670–1687	Raids of the Buccaneers	Important battles involving the Pirates of the Caribbean
1745–1762	French Indian Wars	Colonial wars in America between the British and French with their Indian Allies.
1775–1783	American Revolutionary War	American colonies rebel from British rule with the help of the French.
1837–1885	Wars of Canada	Minor rebellions in Britain's Canadian colonies.

Australia and New Zealand

1770 A.D. to 1931 A.D.

First Voyage of Captain Cook, to the Statute of Westminster

Year	Event
1642	Abel Janszoon Tasmandiscovers Tasmania, New Zealand and the Fiji islands.
1770	Captain James Cook rediscovers Australia and New Zealand for Britain.
1788	First settlement in Australia, a Penal Colony, established at Botany Bay
1801	George Bass and Matthew Flinders first expedition around the coast of Australia.
1839	New Zealand annexed to the British empire.
1850	Discovery of gold in Australia
1845-1872	Wars with the Maori's, natives of New Zealand
1888	New Guinea becomes a crown colony

Years	War	Outcome

British India

1600 A.D. to 1902 A.D.

First Charter of British East India Company, to Boxer Rebellion in China

Year	Event
1526	Baberfounds the Mughal empire in India.
1600	British East India Company granted a charter.
1612	First British trading post established at Surat.
1650	Trading posts established at Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
1618-1707	Reign of Great Mogul Aurangzeb—strict adherence to Islamic law alienates Hindu subjects.
1674	Shivajifounds the Maratha empire in the Deccan as the Mughul empire began to collapse.
1746	Beginning of Carnatic Wars in India.
1751	Siege of Arcot is Clive's first great success in India.
1756	Over a hundred British citizens perish in the "Black Hole of Calcutta".
1757	With the help of the traitor Mir Jafar, Clive wins Bengal for Britain at the Battle of Plassey.
1773	Warren Hastings appointed first Governor of India. Later, tried in Britain for corruption.
1775-1803	Victories over the Mahratta kingdoms in the Deccan increase Britain's influence in central India.
1799	Death of Tipu Sultan ends the Wars between Britain and the Mysoris in southern India.
1839-1842	First Opium War with China—Hong Kong ceded to Britain.
1842	First Anglo-Afghan war—Massacre at Khyber Pass.
1845	Anglo Sikh wars results in the annexation of Punjab.
1852	Burma is annexed to British territory.
1857	Indian Mutiny—worst rebellion in history of the British empire.
1858	East India Company is dissolved—India made colony of the British Empire.
1856-1860	Second Opium War with China—destruction of Summer Palace
1860	General Charles Gordon aids the Chinese Government against Taipings.
1899	Boxer Rebellion in China.

Years	War	Outcome
1749–1751	Carnatic Wars	Britain fights with France for control of Indian Trading.
1767–1799	Mysore Wars	Wars between Britain and the Mysores and their French allies in Southern India.
1775–1803	Mahratta Wars	Britain becomes involved in wars of the Maratha confederation in central India.
1814–1816	British Gurkha War	British repel the Gurkhas invaders from their Indian territories.
1824–1825	British Burmah Wars	After several years of daunting jungle warfare the British finally conquer Indo-China.
1839–1880	Afghan Wars	Britain faces a rebellion after deposing an Afghan King, and suffers a terrible massacre.
1845–1849	Sikh Wars	On the death Raj of the Punjab Sikh civil wars
1857–1858	Indian Mutiny	Britain puts down a Sepoy rebellion in Northern India.
1859–1883	Opium Wars	Britain forces China to open its ports to International trade including opium.

Colonial Africa

1770 A.D. to 1910A.D.

James Bruce discovers the Blue Nile, to Union of South Africa

Year	Event
1770	James Brucediscovers the source of the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.
1795	British conquest of South Africa.
1796	Mungo Parkdiscovers the of Niger, and explores the Niger basin.
1807	Slave Trade prohibited; enforced by British navy.
1815-1835	The Zulus, under Chaka, become the predominant tribe in Southeast Africa.
1833	Slavery prohibited in English colonies
1835-1845	Great Boer Trek, from Cape Colony to Natal and then Transvaal
1837	Zulus, under Dingan, murder 400 Boers, but were later defeated at the Battle of Blood River.
1843	First British settlement in Natal
1852	Livingstone's first Journey across southern Africa
1855	Paul du Chaillu embarks on his first independent journey into Gabon and Congo.
1858	John Hanning Speke and Richard Burton discover Lake Victoria
1859	Livingstone's Zambezi Expedition
1864	Third Anglo-Ashanti War
1867	Discovery of diamond mines in Kimberly
1874	H. M. Stanleystarts his expedition down the Congo River.
1879	After suffering a horrendous massacre at Isandhlwana, the British subdue the Zulus.
1880	First Boer War ends in victory for the Boers.
1880	Cecil Rhodes opens De Beers mining company and corners the diamond market.
1885	Discovery of gold in the Transvaal.
1885	Rhodes establishes a British Protectorate for Bechuanaland.
1896	Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War.
1899-1902	Second Boer War—hard fought struggle ends in a British victory and loss of the Boer republics.
1910	Union of South Africa.

Years	War	Outcome
1824–1874	Ashanti Wars	Britain repels the Ashanti tribes' incursions into coastal areas.
1818–1852	Kaffir Wars	Expanding British colonies in South Africa conflict with Kaffir tribes North of Cape Town.
1882–1882	Arabi's Rebellion	Britain comes to the aid of a faltering Egyptian government beset by a rebellion.
1883–1904	Soudan Campaign	Egypt and Britain fight the Mahdi rebels who had taken over Soudan.
1848–1900	Boer Wars	Dutch Boers attempt to maintain their independence from British Imperial control.

The Great War

1902 A.D. to 1922A.D.

Prelude to Aftermath of the Great War

Year	Event
June 1914	Murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
Aug 3, 1914	Germany declares War on France.
Aug 20, 1914	Germans enter Brussels.
Sept 6, 1914	First Battle of Marne—French Victory.
Dec 24, 1914	First German Air-raid on Britain.
April 17, 1915	Battle of Ypres—First use of Poison Gas.
Apr 25, 1915	Allied troops land on Gallipoli
May 7, 1915	British Passenger Liner Lusitania sunk by the Germans.
May 23, 1915	Italy enters war on the side of the allies.
Oct 13, 1915	German execute Edith Cavell, an British nurse
Oct 14, 1915	Bulgaria enters the war.
Dec 19, 1915	Withdrawl from Gallipoli.
Feb 21-July, 1916	Battle of Verdun.
May 31, 1916	Naval battle of Jutland.
July 1-Nov, 1916	Battle of Somme.
Aug 29, 1916	Hindenberg takes supreme command of German armies.
Mar 11, 1917	Bagdhad captured by British.
Apr 6, 1917	America declares War on Germany .
July 20, 1917	Kerensky succeeds as premier of Russia
Nov 7, 1917	Overthrow of Kerensky by the Bolsheviks—Russia withdraws from the war.
Apr 9, 1918	German offensive between Ypres and Arras.
May 27, 1918	German offensive near Chateau-Thierry and Marne River.
June 11, 1918	American offensive in Belleau Wood.
July 18, 1918	Second Battle of Marne—Allied Victory.
Sept 22, 1918	British victory over the Ottomans in Palestine.
Oct 1, 1918	Hindenberg Line, taken by the French.
Oct 1918	German Losses at Laon, Ostend, Lille, Aleppo.
Nov 11 1918	Armistice signed between Allies and German powers.

Years	War	Outcome
1914–1918	The Great War	First World War ended in defeat of Germany after cataclysmic losses on both sides.