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British Isles and Empire — Characters

Early Britain   Saxons, Danes and Normans   Plantagenet Kings   Tudor England   Stuart England   Scotland   Foundation of Empire   Height of Empire   Ireland   Canada   Australia   British India   Colonial Africa   The Great War  

Early Britain

56 B.C. to 784 A.D.

Invasion of Julius Caesar, to the first Viking Raids on Saxon England


Character Dates Short Biography
fl.    54 BC Celtic Chieftain in Britain who resisted the invasion of Julius Caesar.
died 304 First Martyr of England. Killed for hiding a priest in his home.
fl.    488 King of the Britons. Usurped the throne from rightful heir. Invited Hengist and Horsa.
fl.    500 Knight of the Round Table. Considered the noblest and worthiest of Knights.
fl.    500 Knight of the Round Table. Famous for his encounter with the Green Giant.
460-510 Legendary King of the Britons.
fl.    500 Knight of the Round table. Raised in the woods by mother who didn't want him to be a knigtht.
died 61 Queen of the Iceni. Led the largest revolt of Celtic Britons against the Romans.
389-461 Kidnapped as a child and brought to Ireland, returned as a child to spread Christianity.
451-525 Patron Saint of Ireland (with Patrick). Founded a monastery at Kildare in Ireland.
died 488 Two Jute Princes were invited to Britain in order to help fight the Picts.
died 604 Sent by St. Gregory to Britain to preach to the Saxons. Converted Ethelbert.
539-612 Christian princess who married the Saxon King, Ethelbert. Helped convert him to Christianity.
552-616 First Christian Saxon King. Invited St. Augustine to Kent to preach in Britain.
634-687 Bishop at Lisdisfarne. Helped to unify the Celtic and Roman Churches.
672-735 Monk at Jarrow. Scholar and author of The Ecclesiastical History of English People.
fl.    540 Early Christian missionary to Scotland.
521-597 Missionary who helped to Christianize Scotland. Founded a monastery on Iona in Scotland.
275-303 Patron Saint of England. Soldier who fought dragons and died a martyr's death.
1638-1715 French King who expanded the borders of France, and lived in great pomp and splendor.


Saxon, Dane and Norman Kingdoms

802 A.D. to 1154 A.D.

Egbert the Saxon becomes first King of Wessex, to Death of the Last Norman King


Character Dates Short Biography
770-837 United the Saxon and Angle kingdoms in a federation to resist the Danes.
died 890 Danish King defeated by Alfred the Great. Agreed to become Christian and settle in England.
849-899 Noblest of Saxon kings. Fought the Danes and made peace. Built churches and schools.
895-939 Grandson of King Alfred. Fought the Danes and Celts combined at the Battle of Brunanburh.
fl.    960 Saxon queen, wife of Edgar, mother of Athelred the Unready. Thought to be involved in her step-son's murder.
909-988 Archbishop who exercised much influence at the court of Edgar of England.
968-1016 Acsended to the Saxon throne at a young age--was unable to effectively resist the Danes.
988-1016 Eldest son of Athelred the Unready, fought Canute for the throne, but then died.
994-1035 Danish King of Britain. Married Emma, the wife of his enemy, Ethelred the Unready.
988-1052 Norman princess, wife first of Athelred, then of Canute. Mother of Edward the Confessor.
1001-1053 Very influential Earl of Wessex during reigns of Canute and Edward Confessor. Father of Harold.
fl.    1066 Saxon rebel who led resistance to William the Conqueror for many years.
1022-1066 Son of Godwin. Ascended to the Saxon throne when Edward the Confessor died childless.
1026-1066 Brought an army of Vikings to fight his brother, Harold Godwinson, at Stamford Bridge.
1004-1066 Last Saxon King of the Wessex line. Raised in Normandy, befriended William the Conqueror.
1028-1087 Claimed the crown of England, and won it at the Battle of Hastings. Ruled forcefully, but justly.
1045-1093 Wife of Malcolm III of Scotland. Pius and noble Queen. Mother of Maude the Good.
1056-1100 Son of William the Conqueror. A bad and brutal king. Killed in the New Forest.
1033-1109 Archbishop of Canterbury under William Rufus and Henry I. Feuded with both kings.
1080-1118 Scottish wife of Henry I. Grandmother of Henry II. Patron and benefactor to poor of England.
1068-1135 Son of William the conqueror. Competent king who reigned for 35 years. Left throne to Matilda.
1096-1154 Grandson of William the Conquer. Usurped the throne from Matilda. Was profligate and weak.
1102-1167 Daughter of Henry I. Fought her cousin Stephen for the throne. Her son Henry II won the crown.
1140-1200 Patron of Lincoln. Known for his charity, dedication to education, and protecting Jews.


Plantagenet Kings

1154 A.D. to 1485 A.D.

Henry Plantagenet claims throne of England, to War of the Roses


Character Dates Short Biography
1118-1170 Appointed Archbishop by Henry II, but strove for an independent church. Martyred.
1133-1189 Reclaimed kingdoms in England and Normandy after chaotic reign of Stephen. Founded Plantagenet dynasty.
1157-1199 Son of Henry II. Spent almost his entire reign crusading and doing battle in France.
fl.    1200 Leader of a legendary band of benevolent Brigadeers who stole from rich, and gave to the poor.
1122-1204 Wife of Henry II, Queen of Aquitaine. Led life of high drama and adventure.
1167-1216 Wicked King, murdered his nephew and usurped throne. Signed the Magna Carta, by force.
1150-1228 Archbishop who rallied opposition to King John, and forced signing of Magna Carta.
1197-1253 Appointed by the Pope against the wishes of Henry III. Faithful servant of the poor.
1208-1265 French nobleman who led resistance to Henry III, and laid foundations of English Parliament.
1207-1272 Blundering king whose government was in the hands of Simon de Montfort.
1272-1305 Commoner who led resistance to Edward I's conquest of Scotland.
1239-1307 Competent and decisive king of England. Reformed government, pacified Wales and Scotland. Ruled 35 years.
1284-1327 Very weak and profligate son of Edward I. Lost all his fathers holdings in Scotland.
1274-1329 Scottish nobleman who claimed the Crown, and led resistance to England at Bannockburn.
1286-1330 Associate of Robert the Bruce. Fought in wars of Scottish Independence.
1313-1369 Queen of Edward III, and mother of 13. Intervened at siege of Calias in favor of citizens.
1330-1376 Excellent general and leader who ruled alongside his father, Edward III. Victor at the Battle of Poitiers.
1312-1377 Reigned for nearly 50 years. Invaded France, and won the Battles of Crecy and Calias.
died 1381 Leader of a peasant rebellion during reign of Richard II. He was killed during talks.
1335-1384 Early proponent of Reform in the Catholic Church. Favored power of state over church.
1340-1400 Wrote the first widely read epic poem in the English Language, Canterbury Tales.
1367-1400 Son of the Black Prince. Reigned after Edward III. Deposed by Henry Bolingbroke.
1367-1413 Son of John of Gaunt. Assumed the throne after Richard II was deposed.
1359-1416 Last Welshman to be crowned the Prince of Wales. He led and unsuccessful Welsh revolt.
1387-1422 Led a victorious army of long-bowmen against France at Agincourt.
died 1450 Led a rebellion against Henry VI's government. Rebels looted London, and many were killed.
1411-1460 Aspirant to the thrown in the early years of War of the Roses. Killed in action with eldest son.
1428-1471 Primary figure in war of the Roses. Changed sides from York to Lancaster. Killed at Barnet.
1429-1482 Ruled in stead of her weak husband, Henry VI. Led armies against Yorks. Deposed after the York victory at Hexham.
1442-1483 Son of the Duke of York. Became King of England when other aspirants were dead or deposed.
1432-1485 On death of his brother Edward IV, he killed his nephews and usurped the throne.
1441-1509 Mother of Henry Tudor. Benefactor of Cambridge University.


Tudor England

1485 A.D. to 1603 A.D.

Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field, to Death of Queen Elizabeth


Character Dates Short Biography
1457-1509 Descendent of John of Gaunt (Lancasters), who fought Richard the Usurper for the throne.
1471-1530 Rose from humble beginnings to Chancellor of England. Stalled on Henry V's divorce.
1502-1536 Second wife of Henry VIII. Executed when she fell from grace.
1489-1540 Minister under Henry VIII. who encouraged his divorce, and helped dissolve the monasteries.
1512-1542 Father of Mary Stuart. He was defeated in battle and died shortly after Mary was born.
1478-1543 Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII. Fired and later, executed, when he opposed Henry's divorce.
1501-1544 Daughter of Thomas More. Primary support for him throughout his ordeal.
1491-1547 King of England, famous for marrying, and dispensing with six wives.
1537-1554 Young noblewoman executed for involvement in conspiracies engineered by ambitious relatives.
1489-1556 Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII. Broke with Rome. Founded Anglican Church.
1516-1558 Eldest daughter of Henry VIII. Tried to restore Catholicism to England.
1537-1583 Sea-faring adventurer. Founded the first English colony in the new world, in Canada.
1554-1586 Favoriate of Queen Elizabeth's court. Was a poet, soldier, courtier, and adventurer.
1542-1587 Queen of Scotland. Deposed, and exiled. Held captive by Queen Elizabeth.
1532-1588 Favorite courtier of Queen Elizabeth. Granted many favors, but not much power.
1535-1594 Explored much of Canada in seach of the Northwest Passage. Fought in the Armada.
1540-1596 Greatest Sea Adventurer. Sailed around the world, harassed Spanish ships. Fought in Armada.
1520-1598 Minister of Queen Elizabeth throughout her entire reign.
1552-1599 Elizabethan era poet. Wrote The Fairy Queen.
1566-1601 Favorite of Queen Elizabeth. Involved in a conspiracy and died in prison.
1533-1603 Led England through tumultuous age of reformation and discovery. Reigned 45 years.
1533-1603 Religious leader in Scotland who embraced Calvinism; Founder of Presbyterian Church.
1550-1605 British explorer who sought a Northwest Passage through Canada.
1564-1611 Greatest dramatist in the history of the English Language.
1552-1618 Courtier of Queen Elizabeth. Explorer, mastermind of the Jamestown colony in Virginia.


Stuart England

1603 A.D. to 1714 A.D.

James Stuart ascends to throne of England, to Death of Queen Anne


Character Dates Short Biography
1561-1626 Chancellor of England, and advocate of the Scientific Method of experiment and induction.
1570-1606 Explosives expert of the infamous "Gunpowder plot" to blow up Parliament.
1575-1611 Explorer who discovered Hudson Bay and other parts of North America.
1575-1615 Cousin of James Stuart. Distant heir to throne. Prevented from marrying by jealous relations.
1566-1625 First Stuart king of England. Intelligent and competent, but unable to work effectively with Parliament.
1580-1631 Adventurer and early settler at Jamestown. Rescued by Pocahontas.
1580-1635 Founded French colonies in the St. Lawrence seaway and great lake region. Father of 'New France.'
1573-1645 Governed the Church of England during the reign of Charles I. Very unpopular with parliament.
1600-1649 Second Stuart King. His quarrels with parliament led to civil war, and his execution.
1599-1657 Military commander, turned admiral who took a leading role in the Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars.
1599-1658 Military leader of Parliament who headed the Commonwealth government after death of Charles I.
1596-1662 Daughter of James I. Married Elector of Palatine, but lost their duchy in 30 years war.
1608-1674 John Milton was friend of Cromwell, and a poet. His famous work is Paradise Lost.
1630-1685 Restored to the throne after death of Cromwell. Presided over the great fire and plague of London.
1628-1688 Author of A Pilgrim's Progress, a widely read tale of spiritual awakening.
1624-1691 Founder of the 'Religious Society of Friends,' better known as Quakers.
1650-1702 King of Netherlands, called to be King of England, with wife, when James II was deposed.
1633-1703 Kept a diary during the reign of Charles II; mentions the plague, the great fire, and much else.
1665-1714 Last of the Stuart Queens, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
1650-1722 Most renowned General of his age. Prevailed against the French at the Battle of Blenheim.
1636-1723 Wife of Lord Russell, who was executed for opposing the restoration of Charles II.
1642-1727 Outstanding scientist. Made great breakthroughs in physics, optics, and mathematics.
1661-1731 Author of the well-known Robinson Crusoe, and Moll Flanders.


Scotland

483A.D. to 1707A.D.

Union of Picts and Scots under Kenneth Macalpine, to the Act of Union


Character Dates Short Biography
fl.    540 Early Christian missionary to Scotland.
521-597 Missionary who helped to Christianize Scotland. Founded a monastery on Iona in Scotland.
1045-1093 Wife of Malcolm III of Scotland. Pius and noble Queen. Mother of Maude the Good.
1272-1305 Commoner who led resistance to Edward I's conquest of Scotland.
1274-1329 Scottish nobleman who claimed the Crown, and led resistance to England at Bannockburn.
1286-1330 Associate of Robert the Bruce. Fought in wars of Scottish Independence.
1512-1542 Father of Mary Stuart. He was defeated in battle and died shortly after Mary was born.
1542-1587 Queen of Scotland. Deposed, and exiled. Held captive by Queen Elizabeth.
1533-1603 Religious leader in Scotland who embraced Calvinism; Founder of Presbyterian Church.
fl.    1637 Commoner who led a rebellion against Church of England in Scotland.
1720-1788 Grandson of James II, led Jacobites in bid to restore Stuarts to the throne of England.
1722-1790 Heroine who help Bonnie Prince Charles escape from Scotland.
1723-1790 Leading theorist of modern capitalism. Wrote The Wealth of Nations.
1759-1796 Romantic Poet, who wrote in a Scottish dialect. National Poet of Scotland.
1736-1819 Inventor of the Steam Engine, and founder of the Industrial Revolution.
1771-1832 Author best known for novels set in Scotland.


Foundation of Empire

1714 A.D. to 1814 A.D.

George I of Hanover made King by Parliament, to Battle of Waterloo


Character Dates Short Biography
1660-1727 First Hanoverian Monarch of Britain. Entrusted government to Robert Walpole
1688-1744 Eminent poet and Satirist of the enlightenment era. Wrote Essay on Criticism.
1676-1745 First Prime Minister of Britain. Ran cabinet meetings for George I
1667-1745 Poet, essayist, and satirist. Best known as author of Gulliver's Travels.
1727-1759 Defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec, giving Canada to Britain. Died during battle.
1683-1760 Second Hanoverian Monarch of Britain.
1697-1762 British naval hero who circumnavigated the globe and wrote a diary about his journey.
1688-1766 Son of James II, led Jacobites in a bid to restore Stuarts to the throne of England.
1703-1774 Founder of the evangelical Methodist movement in England. Social reformer.
1708-1778 Statesman who masterminded the rise of the British Empire during the critical 18th century.
1705-1781 Hero of the naval Battle of Quiberon during the Seven Years War.
1709-1784 Eminent literary figure in England. Wrote the first British Dictionary.
1720-1788 Grandson of James II, led Jacobites in bid to restore Stuarts to the throne of England.
1722-1790 Heroine who help Bonnie Prince Charles escape from Scotland.
1695-1755 Led a disastrous campaign to Fort Duquesne (Ohio) during the French and Indian Wars.
1723-1792 British leader who surrendered with 6000 men to American forces at Saratoga.
1738-1805 British leader defeated at Yorktown in Revolutionary War. Later served as governor in India.
1720-1778 Inventor of an automated Spinning wheel. Founder of the Industrial Revolution.
1732-1792 Inventor of the spinning frame, which allowed water or steam power to spin cloth.
1730-1797 Very influential Political Philosopher, whose works are a basis of constitutional law.
1758-1805 Great Naval hero of his age; victor at the Battle of the Nile, Copenhagen, and Trafalgar.
1759-1806 Son of the Earl of Chatham, served between American Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
1741-1807 Eminent European Painter, who lived many years in England.
1761-1809 Napoleonic War hero who died at the Battle of Coruna.
1738-1820 Monarch whose long reign encompassed Revolutionary, and Napoleonic Wars.
1753-1827 Inventor of the Spinning Mule, which could be used to make fine cloth such as Muslin.
1745-1833 Dedicated her life to helping the poor of England.
1780-1845 Quaker and prison reformer. Fought for better conditions for inmates.
1769-1852 Napoleonic War General who fought in Spain and Portugal. Defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.


Height of Empire

1814 A.D. to 1922 A.D.

Aftermath of Napoleonic Wars, to the Second Boer War


Character Dates Short Biography
1771-1832 Author best known for novels set in Scotland.
1815-1842 British heroine who saved sailors from a ship that crashed on her father's lighthouse.
1786-1847 Explorer of the Artic regions of Canada.
1781-1848 Inventor of the steam locamotive, and the modern railroad.
1788-1855 Field Marshall of English Forces during the Crimean War.
1795-1857 Led a division to relieve Lucknow during the Sepoy Rebellion. Died during the siege.
1809-1861 Eminent poet of the Victorian era. Married to Robert Browning.
1791-1867 Physicist who was important in the development of electricity and magnetism.
1812-1870 Prolific novelist of the Victorian Era. Wrote David Copperfield, A Christmas Carol and others.
1813-1873 As a medical missionary, he explored uncharted regions of the interior of Africa.
1804-1881 Prime Minister, Author, and conservative rival of Gladstone.
1809-1882 Proposed the theory of evolution of species. Wrote The Descent of Man.
1833-1885 General who defeated the Tai-pings in China, served as governor in Soudan and resisted the Mahdi in Khartoum.
1846-1891 Irish Catholic politician who fought for home rule for Ireland.
1809-1892 Best known poet of he Victorian Age. Write Idylls of the King and many others.
1813-1898 Invented a process for the manufacture of steel, that was of superior quality for a low cost.
1809-1898 Prime minister and member of the Liberal Party. Opponent of Disraeli.
1819-1901 Longest reigning English Monarch. Presided over the British Empire at its height.
1853-1902 Power broker in South Africa, tried to turn all provinces into a British Colony.
1841-1904 Met Livingstone in African, then continued his explorations. Followed the Congo river to the sea.
1824-1907 Made important discoveries in thermodynamics and electricity.
1820-1910 Nurse who reformed the care of wounded soldiers during the Crimean War.
1832-1914 Career officer, saw service in Indian Mutiny, Afghanistan, Abyssinia, India and South Africa.
1850-1916 Military hero of the late 19th century, first in Sudan, and later in the Boer Wars


Ireland

450 A.D. to 1922 A.D.

St. Patrick brings Christianity to Ireland, to Irish Independence


Character Dates Short Biography
389-461 Kidnapped as a child and brought to Ireland, returned as a child to spread Christianity.
451-525 Patron Saint of Ireland (with Patrick). Founded a monastery at Kildare in Ireland.
941-1014 King who unified all of Ireland briefly before the Norman invasion.
1477-1534 Pretender to the throne of England during the reign of Henry Tudor.
1530-1567 Chieftain of the O'Neill clan of Ulster, under Queen Elizabeth.
1667-1745 Poet, essayist, and satirist. Best known as author of Gulliver's Travels.
1730-1774 Poet and novelist, best known for The Vicar of Wakefield
1746-1820 Irish politician who strove to create and independent Irish Parliament. He resisted the Union of 1801.
1775-1847 Political leader of Irish Catholics during early 19th century. Promoted Catholic Emancipation.
1846-1891 Irish Catholic politician who fought for home rule for Ireland.


Canada

1495 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

Cabot's first voyage to North America, to Union of Canada and Newfoundland


Character Dates Short Biography
1537-1583 Sea-faring adventurer. Founded the first English colony in the new world, in Canada.
1535-1594 Explored much of Canada in seach of the Northwest Passage. Fought in the Armada.
1550-1605 British explorer who sought a Northwest Passage through Canada.
1575-1611 Explorer who discovered Hudson Bay and other parts of North America.
1585-1622 Discovered Baffin Bay while on a quest to find the Northwest Passage.
1580-1635 Founded French colonies in the St. Lawrence seaway and great lake region. Father of 'New France.'
1622-1698 Governor of New France from 1672 to 1698. Expanded fur trade, and fought with British.
1678-1747 Fended off a tribe of Indians attacking her for when she was only fourteen.
1695-1755 Led a disastrous campaign to Fort Duquesne (Ohio) during the French and Indian Wars.
1727-1759 Defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec, giving Canada to Britain. Died during battle.
1712-1759 Military leader of New France during the Seven Year War; died at Battle of Quebec.
1757-1798 Discovered Puget Sound, Vancouver Island, Columbia River; claimed region for Britain.
1764-1820 Discovered the Mackenzie River and Great Northern Lakes of Canada.
1771-1820 Obtained a land grand near Red River valley and help poor Scottish pioneers settle there.
1792-1840 Helped draft the Reform bill of 1832. Then recommended a form of self government for Canada.
1775-1868 During War of 1812, warned a British Lieutenant of an impending surprise attack.
1844-1885 Leader of the Metis tribes of Manitoba and Saskatchewan who fought for their rights.


Australia and New Zealand

1770 A.D. to 1931 A.D.

First Voyage of Captain Cook, to the Statute of Westminster


Character Dates Short Biography
1728-1779 Discovered Australia and New Zealand. Helped establish colonies there.
1771-1803 Naturalist and Surgeon, who with Flinders, explored Botany Bay and Van Diemen's Land.
1774-1814 Naval Captain, circumnavigated Australia and explored inner regions.
1764-1838 Early settler in Australia and missionary to the Maori's in New Zealand.
1810-1850 Maori chief who resisted British rule, and instigated the Flagstaff War.
1796-1862 Organized early settlements in Australia and New Zealand.
1812-1898 Governor of South Australia, Cape Colony, and New Zealand.
1871-1937 Father of nuclear physics. Advocated the orbital theory of the atom.
1603-1659 Visited Formosa and Japan, discovered Tasmania and New Zealand


British India

1600 A.D. to 1902 A.D.

First Charter of British East India Company, to Boxer Rebellion in China


Character Dates Short Biography
1618-1707 Moslem ruler of largely Hindu India. Consolidated the Mughal empire, but oppressed Hindus.
1697-1763 Governor of the French trading company in India; rival of Clive for control of Bengal;
1691-1765 Succeed to the position of Nawab of Bengal after Clive won the Battle of Plassey.
1725-1774 British soldier, who rose to be a hero in the Carnatic Wars and delivered Bengal to Britain at the Battle of Plassey.
1750-1799 Took over the Mysore Kingdom on the death of his father Hyder Ali. Fought the British in a series of Anglo-Mysore wars.
1732-1818 Early Governor of India. Was tried for corruption, but acquitted after a lengthy trial.
1773-1857 British ambassador to China, and then governor of India. Fought first Burmese War.
1795-1857 Led a division to relieve Lucknow during the Sepoy Rebellion. Died during the siege.
1812-1860 Made major reforms and increased British holding in India, shortly before the mutiny.
1792-1863 Commanded the Highland Brigade during the Crimean War. Also served in India.
1803-1863 Hero of the sieges of Cawnpore and Lucknow during the Sepoy Rebellion.
1811-1873 Surgeon in the Bengal army; sole surviver of the massacre at Khyber pass in Afghanistan.
1832-1914 Career officer, saw service in Indian Mutiny, Afghanistan, Abyssinia, India and South Africa.
1760-1842 Governor-general of India, fought Second Maratha and Mysore wars. Later, promoted Catholic emancipation.
1833-1885 General who defeated the Tai-pings in China, served as governor in Soudan and resisted the Mahdi in Khartoum.
1828-1885 British diplomat in China and Japan, active during the Second Opium war.


Colonial Africa

1770 A.D. to 1910A.D.

James Bruce discovers the Blue Nile, to Union of South Africa


Character Dates Short Biography
1619-1677 Founder and first Governor of the Dutch settlement at Cape Town, South Africa.
1275-1318 Declared himself King of Ireland and led a rebellion against the English governors of Ireland.
1771-1806 Explorer of the Niger river area in Africa.
1788-1827 Explored Sub-Saharan Africa. Discovered Lake Chad.
1781-1828 Chieftain who oversaw the Zulu's rise to power, and domination over a large region of S. Africa.
1780-1838 Leader of Boers during the Great Trek. Murdered by Dingaan during negotiations.
1795-1840 Ruled Zulus after assassinating Shaka. Murdered Boer leaders leading to Zulu-Boer War.
1798-1853 Leader of Boers who avenged death of Piet Retief, and formed the Transvaal Republic.
1827-1864 Explored, with Burton, the Great lakes region of Africa.
1813-1873 As a medical missionary, he explored uncharted regions of the interior of Africa.
1826-1884 Leader of the Zulus during the Anglo-Zulu War.
1833-1885 General who defeated the Tai-pings in China, served as governor in Soudan and resisted the Mahdi in Khartoum.
1844-1885 Raised an army of Rebel Muslim Sudanese. Caused widespread carnage. Besieged Khartoum.
1821-1890 Explored, with Speke, the Great lakes region of Africa. Also translated Arabian Nights.
1846-1899 Succeeded as leader of the Mahdists on the death of Mahdi. Fought Kitchener at Omdurman.
1853-1902 Power broker in South Africa, tried to turn all provinces into a British Colony.
1841-1904 Met Livingstone in African, then continued his explorations. Followed the Congo river to the sea.
1825-1904 Boer leader who resisted British rule, and was president of the Transvaal Republic.
1839-1911 Leader of an insurrectionary movement in Egypt in1882
1850-1916 Military hero of the late 19th century, first in Sudan, and later in the Boer Wars
1862-1919 Boer Hero during the Second Boer War. First Prime Minister of South Africa.


The Great War

1902 A.D. to 1922A.D.

Prelude to Aftermath of the Great War


Character Dates Short Biography
1865-1936 King of England during the Great War. Relinquished all German holdings; changed name to Windsor.
1850-1916 Military hero of the late 19th century, first in Sudan, and later in the Boer Wars
1888-1935 Middle east archeologist and historian who served with the British and Arab irregulars during WWI.
1865-1936 Kipling's novel's and poetry are associated with British Imperialism, for good and ill.
1871-1937 Father of nuclear physics. Advocated the orbital theory of the atom.
1852-1931 Commander and chief of the French army during the early years of the Great War.
1851-1929 Military theorist and teacher who became Field Marshall of the Allies during the Great War.
1860-1948 Leader of the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I.

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